1.林地（森林）资源生态产品价值核算总体目标是什么？A林地(森林)资源生态产品价值核算旨在建立生态效益评估机制,促进人与自然和谐共处,保障国家和区域生态安全,指导和规范林地(森林)资源生态产品价值核算技术过程,提高林地(森林)资源生态产品物质量与价值量核算的科学性、规范性和可操作性。

　　What is the overall goal of accounting for the ecological product value of forest resources? The value accounting of ecological products of forest resources aims to establish an ecological benefit evaluation mechanism, promote harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, ensure national and regional ecological security, guide and regulate the technical process of value accounting of ecological products of forest resources, and improve the scientific, standardized, and operable accounting of the quality and value of ecological products of forest resources.

　　2.核算的基本原则包括哪些？A基本原则包括科学性原则，根据林地(森林)资源生态产品与人类福祉的关系构建核算指标体系,以林地(森林)生态系统结构、格局和过程、产品与林地(森林)生态系统服务关系为基础,根据不同尺度科学确定核算方法。应首选对成熟、操作性与基础条件匹配度较好,核算成果的共识性相对较高的核算方法；实用性原则，林地(森林)资源生态产品价值核算工作具有规模化、批量化开展的特征,在具体核算实施中,应兼顾精确要求与效率,根据核算范围、林地(森林)资源生态产品的特点、核算目的和数据可获得性,合理确定核算尺度、指标和方法,使核算结果具有实际指导作用,突出实用性；开放性原则，林地(森林)资源生态产品价值核算应根据最新研究成果和政策,持续发展和完善核算指标与方法；可操作性原则，核算指标的选择宜考虑数据的定量化和获取的难易程度,在核算过程中具有较强的操作性；适宜性原则，根据不同核算目的,确定林地(森林)资源生态产品价值核算的基本单元,并确定需要核算的林地(森)资源生态产品对应的核算指标,从而选用合适的方法进行核算。其中,宏观尺度考虑现有数据库资料和核算实际需求来选取指标。

　　What are the basic principles of accounting? The basic principles of A include the principle of scientificity, constructing an accounting indicator system based on the relationship between forest resources, ecological products, and human well-being. Based on the structure, pattern, and process of forest ecosystems, as well as the relationship between products and forest ecosystem services, accounting methods are scientifically determined at different scales. The preferred accounting method should be one that is mature, operationally compatible with basic conditions, and has a relatively high consensus on accounting results; The principle of practicality states that the value accounting of forest resources and ecological products has the characteristics of being carried out on a large scale and in batches. In the specific implementation of accounting, precision requirements and efficiency should be taken into account. Based on the accounting scope, characteristics of forest resources and ecological products, accounting objectives, and data availability, reasonable accounting scales, indicators, and methods should be determined to provide practical guidance for the accounting results and highlight practicality; The principle of openness states that the value accounting of ecological products of forest resources should be based on the latest research results and policies, and the accounting indicators and methods should be continuously developed and improved; The principle of operability, the selection of accounting indicators should consider the quantification of data and the difficulty of obtaining them, and have strong operability in the accounting process; The principle of suitability determines the basic units for accounting the value of ecological products of forest resources based on different accounting purposes, and identifies the corresponding accounting indicators for the ecological products of forest resources that need to be accounted for, in order to select appropriate methods for accounting. Among them, the macro scale considers existing database data and actual accounting needs to select indicators.

　　3.林地（森林）资源生态产品价值核算包括哪些产品？A包括资源物质供给产品、资源调节服务产品、资源文化服务产品。林地(森林)资源物质供给产品一般指人类从林地(森林)生态系统获得的林木、森林产品(林果、食品、药材、原材料等)等各种物质供给,广义的物质供给产品指生态系统提供的,包括林地在内所有可利用的物质供给。林地(森林)资源调节服务产品是指人类从林地(森林)生态系统获得的固碳释氧、水源涵养、防风固沙、水质净化和保育土壤等各种调节服务。林地(森林)资源文化服务产品是指人类从林地(森林)生态系统获得的森林康养、科研教育等各种文化服务。

　　What products are included in the value accounting of ecological products of forest resources? A includes resource material supply products, resource regulation service products, and resource cultural service products. The material supply products of forest resources generally refer to various material supplies obtained by humans from forest ecosystems, such as trees, forest products (fruits, food, medicinal herbs, raw materials, etc.). Broadly speaking, material supply products refer to all available material supplies provided by ecosystems, including forest land. Forest resource regulation service products refer to various regulation services obtained by humans from forest ecosystems, such as carbon sequestration and oxygen release, water source conservation, wind and sand prevention, water purification, and soil conservation. Forest resources cultural service products refer to various cultural services such as forest health, scientific research and education obtained by humans from forest ecosystems.

　　4.什么是林地(森林)资源生态产品物质量核算？A林地(森林)资源生态产品物质量核算是对林地(森林)资源生态产品的物质量进行核算,一般包括木材生产量、森林产品产量、固碳释氧量水源涵养量、防风固沙量、保育土壤量、水质净化量等,广义的林地(森林)资源生态产品物质量还包括林地资源量。

　　What is the accounting of ecological product quality of forest resources? The quality accounting of ecological products of forest resources is the calculation of the quality of ecological products of forest resources, generally including wood production, forest product production, carbon sequestration, oxygen release, water source conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, soil conservation, water purification, etc. In a broad sense, the quality of ecological products of forest resources also includes the quantity of forest resources.

　　5.什么是林地(森林)资源生态产品价值量核算？A林地(森林)资源生态产品价值量核算是对林地(森林)资源生态产品进行以货币为计量单位的核算,即通过结合各类林地(森林)资源生产品的参考价格,以一定数学运算得到以货币化形式呈现的林地(森林)资源生态产品价值的计算过程。

　　5. What is the accounting of the ecological product value of forest resources? The value accounting of ecological products of forest resources is the process of calculating the value of ecological products of forest resources in monetary form by combining the reference prices of various forest resources and products, and using certain mathematical operations.

　　6.林地（森林）资源生态产品价值核算基本流程包括哪些？A林地(森林)资源生态产品价值核算的主要工作程序包括，根据核算目的,确定林地(森林)资源生态产品价值核算的区域范围,确定基本核算事项和核算尺度,划分基本核算单元,充分收集相关基础资料，并根据工作需要开展补充调查,核算林地(森林)资源物质供给产品和调节服务产品的物质量,以物质量核算结果为基础,结合相关产品价格数据,核算林地(森林)资源物质供给产品和调节服务产品的价值量。基于统计资料和调查问卷核算文化服务的价值量,在此基础上核算林地(森林)资源生态产品价值量总值。

　　What are the basic processes for calculating the ecological product value of forest resources? The main work procedure for the value accounting of ecological products of forest resources includes determining the regional scope of the value accounting of ecological products of forest resources based on the accounting purpose, determining the basic accounting items and scales, dividing the basic accounting units, fully collecting relevant basic information, and conducting supplementary investigations according to work needs to account for the material supply products and regulatory service products of forest resources. Based on the results of material quality accounting, combined with relevant product price data, the value of material supply products and regulatory service products of forest resources is calculated. Based on statistical data and survey questionnaires, calculate the value of cultural services, and then calculate the total value of ecological products of forest resources.

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