林木资产价格评估别踩信息差！搞懂基准日才不亏

　　Don't underestimate the information gap in the evaluation of forest asset prices! Understanding the benchmark day is the key to not losing money

　　很多朋友在做林木资产价格评估时，都会对“资产评估基准日”一脸茫然，甚至直接忽略，殊不知这正是容易吃信息差亏的地方。对苗木种植户、林业经营者来说，不管是转让果园、抵押林权，还是核算林木资产价值，基准日都直接决定了评估结果的合理性。今天就用通俗的话给大家科普林木资产价格评估中基准日的核心知识，搞懂它，才能精准把握自家林木的真实价值，避开不必要的损失。

　　Many friends are confused about the "asset evaluation benchmark date" when conducting forest asset price evaluations, and even ignore it directly, unaware that this is precisely where they are prone to information asymmetry. For seedling growers and forestry operators, whether it is transferring orchards, mortgaging forest rights, or calculating the value of forest assets, the benchmark date directly determines the rationality of the evaluation results. Today, in layman's terms, I will explain to you the core knowledge of the benchmark date in forest asset price evaluation. Only by understanding it can we accurately grasp the true value of our own trees and avoid unnecessary losses.

　　先给大家把基准日讲明白，简单来说，资产评估基准日就是确定资产价值的“时间点”。它就像一台定格瞬间的相机，把这个特定时刻的林木状况、市场行情都固定下来，所有的评估结论都基于这个“定格画面”得出。比如评估一片苹果园的价值，基准日当天的果树长势、苹果市场收购价、周边林地租赁行情，就是评估的核心依据；如果过了半个月再按这个结果定价，市场价格涨了或跌了，自然就会出现价值偏差。

　　Let me explain the benchmark date first. Simply put, the asset valuation benchmark date is the "time point" for determining the value of assets. It is like a camera that freezes a moment, capturing the forest conditions and market trends at that specific moment, and all evaluation conclusions are based on this' frozen image '. For example, to evaluate the value of an apple orchard, the core criteria for evaluation include the growth of fruit trees on the benchmark day, the purchase price of apples in the market, and the leasing situation of surrounding forest land; If we price according to this result after half a month, and the market price rises or falls, there will naturally be a value deviation.

　　不同的林木资产处置场景，基准日的选择逻辑也完全不同，不是随便选个日期就行。比如企业涉及林业资产改制重组，基准日一般会选在改制方案获批前后，这样能精准匹配资产划转、权属变更的关键节点；如果是用林权做抵押融资，基准日通常会定在签订抵押合同的日期，确保评估价值能直接对应融资时的资产状况，让金融机构认可资产实力。

　　The logic for selecting the benchmark date varies greatly depending on the different scenarios of forest asset disposal, and it is not enough to simply choose a date. For example, when a company is involved in the restructuring and reorganization of forestry assets, the benchmark date is usually chosen before or after the approval of the restructuring plan, which can accurately match the key nodes of asset transfer and ownership change; If forest rights are used as collateral for financing, the benchmark date is usually set on the date of signing the mortgage contract to ensure that the assessed value can directly correspond to the asset condition at the time of financing, allowing financial institutions to recognize the asset strength.

　　而在日常的林木资产交易中，基准日的选择更有讲究。比如转让一片黑松苗木基地，基准日越靠近实际交易日期越好。因为苗木价格受季节影响很大，春季移栽旺季价格可能偏高，冬季休眠期价格可能偏低；而且市场供需也会随时变化，上个月的交易价很可能不适用于这个月。把基准日定在交易前一周左右，能最大程度保证评估价值贴合当下市场现状，避免出现“按上个月高价估，实际交易时低价卖”的亏空。

　　In daily forest asset trading, the choice of benchmark date is more particular. For example, when transferring a black pine seedling base, the closer the benchmark date is to the actual transaction date, the better. Because the price of seedlings is greatly affected by the season, the price during the spring transplanting season may be higher, and the price during the winter dormancy period may be lower; Moreover, market supply and demand can change at any time, and last month's trading price may not be applicable to this month. Setting the benchmark date about one week before the transaction can ensure that the assessed value is in line with the current market situation to the greatest extent possible, avoiding the loss of "estimating at a high price last month and selling at a low price during actual trading".

　　可能有人会问，不就是一个时间点，至于这么较真吗？答案是肯定的，基准日的重要性不容小觑。和房产、股票一样，林木资产的价值也会随时间和市场波动变化。比如一片核桃林，今年因为气候好产量高，核桃市场价也涨了，基准日定在今年年底，价值自然偏高；如果基准日选在去年，去年产量低、价格稳，评估价值就会低很多。要是因为基准日选得不合理，很可能导致自家资产价值被低估，白白吃亏。

　　Some people may ask, isn't it just a time point? As for being so serious? The answer is yes, the importance of the reference date cannot be underestimated. Like real estate and stocks, the value of forest assets can also fluctuate over time and in the market. For example, a walnut forest has a high yield this year due to the favorable climate, and the market price of walnuts has also increased. The benchmark date is set at the end of this year, and the value is naturally higher; If the benchmark date is chosen last year, with low production and stable prices, the assessed value will be much lower. If the benchmark date is chosen unreasonably, it is likely to result in the undervaluation of one's own assets and suffer losses for nothing.

　　还有个容易被忽略的点：基准日必须在评估合同和最终的评估报告里清晰标明。这不仅是评估报告具备法律效力的前提，也是后续出现纠纷时的重要依据。比如交易双方因为价格有分歧，只要基准日明确，就能对照当时的市场行情和林木状况核实价值，避免扯皮。所以大家在对接评估机构时，一定要主动沟通基准日的选择，根据自己的实际需求提出建议，不要完全被动接受。

　　Another easily overlooked point is that the benchmark date must be clearly indicated in the evaluation contract and final evaluation report. This is not only a prerequisite for the evaluation report to have legal effect, but also an important basis for subsequent disputes. For example, if there is a price difference between the two parties in the transaction, as long as the benchmark date is clear, the value can be verified by comparing it with the market situation and forest conditions at that time, avoiding disputes. So when communicating with evaluation agencies, it is important to actively communicate about the selection of benchmark dates and provide suggestions based on one's actual needs, rather than being completely passive in accepting them.

　　这里给大家提个实操建议：做林木资产价格评估前，先明确自己的核心需求——是要交易、抵押还是资产核算？然后根据需求和评估机构沟通基准日，确保基准日能匹配核心节点，同时保证这个时间点能拿到真实、完整的市场数据，比如当时的苗木交易价、林地租赁行情等。拿到评估报告后，第一时间核对基准日是否清晰，是否符合之前沟通的要求，有疑问及时提出。

　　Here is a practical suggestion for everyone: Before conducting a forest asset price evaluation, clarify your core needs - whether to trade, mortgage, or account for assets? Then, based on the demand, communicate with the evaluation agency on the benchmark date to ensure that it matches the core nodes, and at the same time, ensure that real and complete market data can be obtained at this time point, such as the transaction price of seedlings and the rental market of forest land at that time. After receiving the evaluation report, immediately check whether the benchmark date is clear and meets the requirements of previous communication, and raise any questions in a timely manner.

　　总的来说，林木资产价格评估里的基准日，是避开信息差的关键。搞懂它的定义，选对它的时间点，才能让评估结果更贴合实际，真正摸清自家林木资产的价值。对林业经营者而言，不要觉得基准日是专业术语就懒得了解，多花点时间搞明白，才能在资产处置、融资等环节掌握主动权，不亏掉本该属于自己的收益，让每一片林木都能体现出真实的价值。

　　Overall, the benchmark date in the evaluation of forest asset prices is the key to avoiding information asymmetry. Understanding its definition and selecting the right time point can make the evaluation results more realistic and truly understand the value of one's own forest assets. For forestry operators, don't be too lazy to understand the benchmark date as a professional term. Spend more time figuring it out in order to take the initiative in asset disposal, financing, and other aspects, and not lose the income that should belong to oneself, so that every forest can reflect its true value.

　　本文由 林木资产价格评估   友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击  http://www.jyslpg.com/   真诚的态度.为您提供为全面的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

　　This article is dedicated to the evaluation of forest asset prices For more related knowledge, please click http://www.jyslpg.com/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.