现阶段，我国越来越重视对森林资源进行价值评估，关于林业产权制度的改革创新也在不断深入，我国森林资源资产评估行业正在快速发展壮大。但是，这一行业发展还不够成熟，在制度管理以及实际资产评估方面还存在缺陷，严重阻碍了行业持续健康发展。

　　At present, China is paying more and more attention to the value assessment of forest resources, and the reform and innovation of forestry property rights system is also constantly deepening. The forest resource asset assessment industry in China is rapidly developing and growing. However, the development of this industry is not yet mature enough, and there are still deficiencies in institutional management and actual asset evaluation, which seriously hinder the sustainable and healthy development of the industry.

　　为了保障我国森林资源资产评估行业的有序发展，实现行业成熟稳定，就要解决森林资源资产评估行业现阶段面临的问题，创新森林资源资产评估模式与体系。

　　In order to ensure the orderly development of China's forest resource asset evaluation industry and achieve industry maturity and stability, it is necessary to solve the problems currently faced by the forest resource asset evaluation industry and innovate the forest resource asset evaluation model and system.

　　目前，在世界发展进程中，森林资源已经可以作为一种有形的资产进行价值评估。森林发展节奏过快、行业规模不断扩增导致森林资源资产评估行业在发展过程中暴露出许多问题，对整个行业的成熟健康发展产生了阻碍作用 。

　　At present, in the process of global development, forest resources can be valued as a tangible asset. The rapid pace of forest development and the continuous expansion of industry scale have exposed many problems in the development process of the forest resource asset evaluation industry, which has hindered the mature and healthy development of the entire industry.

　　基于此，分析森林资源资产评估行业的现状以及存在的问题， 探究应对这些主要问题的解决措施，谋求行业的稳定与向好发展。

　　Based on this, analyze the current situation and existing problems of the forest resource asset evaluation industry, explore solutions to these main problems, and seek stability and positive development of the industry.

　　1.森林资源资产评估定义

　　1. Definition of Forest Resource Asset Assessment

　　森林资源从广义上来讲主要是指林地以及生长依附于其上的以林木资源为主的森林生态系统中的物质，包含范围较广，有森林植物、动物以及其他环境因素等；

　　Forest resources, in a broad sense, mainly refer to the materials in forest land and the forest ecosystem dominated by forest resources that grow and depend on it, including a wide range of forest plants, animals, and other environmental factors; ?

　　从狭义上来讲， 其主要是指以乔木资源为主的树木资源。在陆地生态系统中，森林资源作为一种非常重要的可再生资源，对人们的日常生活、生产经营以及社会发展等?都产生了一定影响，是帮助社会实现可持续发展的重要物质前提。

　　Narrowly speaking, it mainly refers to tree resources dominated by trees. In terrestrial ecosystems, forest resources, as a very important renewable resource, have a certain impact on people's daily lives, production and operation, and social development, and are an important material prerequisite for helping society achieve sustainable development.

　　除此之外，森林资源的作用不仅表现在其林木资源以及物产方面，还包括其对于环境资源的利用与保护，如森林能够保持水土、涵养水源、净化空气以及实现生态平衡等。

　　In addition, the role of forest resources is not only reflected in their forest resources and products, but also in their utilization and protection of environmental resources, such as maintaining soil and water, conserving water sources, purifying air, and achieving ecological balance.

　　森林资源资产主要是指能够利用现阶段的经验和科学技术手段进行开发利用，并且能够为产权所有者带来经济效益的森林资源 。

　　Forest resource assets mainly refer to forest resources that can be developed and utilized using current experience and scientific and technological means, and can bring economic benefits to property owners.

　　森林资源资产根据形态特征可以分为林地资产、森林环境资产、林木资产以及森林经管资产等；

　　Forest resource assets can be divided into forest land assets, forest environmental assets, forest tree assets, and forest management assets based on their morphological characteristics;

　　若是根据其进行经营管理的模式进行划分，可以分为公益性资产和经营性资产。举例来说，公益性森林资源资产主要是指防护林，而经营性森林资源资产指材林、薪炭林以及竹林等。

　　If classified according to its business management mode, it can be divided into public welfare assets and operational assets. For example, public welfare forest resource assets mainly refer to protective forests, while operational forest resource assets refer to timber forests, firewood forests, and bamboo forests.

　　和其他类型的资产相比，森林资源资产主要具备 3 个基本特征。

　　Compared with other types of assets, forest resource assets mainly have three basic characteristics.

　　1 )资产是在人力资源以及自然因素共同影响下而形成的。

　　Assets are formed under the joint influence of human resources and natural factors.

　　2)森林资源资产可以再生并持续利用，森林资源中主要以生物资源为主，而大多数的生物资源都具备再生能力，但是若森林生态环境遭到破坏，那么森林资源资产的再生性也会遭受破坏。

　　2) Forest resource assets can be regenerated and sustainably utilized, with biological resources being the main component. Most biological resources have the ability to regenerate, but if the forest ecological environment is damaged, the regenerability of forest resource assets will also be compromised.

　　3)在人为因素与?自然环境因素的共同作用下，森林资源资产呈现多样化发展，并且只要生产经营模式科学合理，森林资源的经营周期可达数百年之久，在其经营长周期内采取多方面的经营方式，可以充分发挥出森林资源资产在经济增长、社会发展以及生态保护方面的促进作用。

　　3) Under the joint action of human factors and natural environmental factors, forest resource assets exhibit diversified development, and as long as the production and operation mode is scientific and reasonable, the management cycle of forest resources can last for hundreds of years. Adopting various management methods during its long management cycle can fully play the promoting role of forest resource assets in economic growth, social development, and ecological protection.

　　2.进行森林资源资产评估的重要性

　　The importance of conducting forest resource asset assessment

　　现阶段，我国社会主义市场经济建设正在稳步推进，为了加快我国经济建设发展，集体林权制度不断改革。

　　At present, the construction of socialist market economy in China is steadily advancing. In order to accelerate the development of China's economic construction, the collective forest tenure system is constantly being reformed.

　　在此背景下，森林资源资产向着产业化方向发展，所以对于森林资源的资产评估也越来越重视。对于森林资源资产进行评估能够推动整个森林产业的发展，促进林业市场成熟稳定。

　　In this context, forest resource assets are developing towards industrialization, so the asset evaluation of forest resources is becoming increasingly important. Evaluating forest resource assets can promote the development of the entire forest industry and promote the maturity and stability of the forestry market.

　　3.森林资源资产评估存在的问题

　　3. Problems in forest resource asset assessment

　　3.1森林资源资产管理模式不符合行业发展规模

　　3.1 Forest resource asset management model not in line with industry development scale

　　我国森林资源存在特殊性，因此无论是从理论定义还是实践应用方面来说，现阶段的森林资源资产管理模式都不完全符合我国社会经济发展要求，森林资源管理本身也没有制定科学合理的制度进行分类管理，公益林与经营林发展不平衡，经营者和种植户都不能按照市场发展方向来进行森林资源经营。随着我国社会主义市场经济不断发展，森林资源市场实现了长足进步，林业管理不断完善，通过各种方式进行的资金筹集也保证了森林资源资产发展的资金基础，整个森林产业都实现了繁荣发展。

　　The forest resources in our country have special characteristics. Therefore, both in terms of theoretical definition and practical application, the current forest resource asset management model does not fully meet the requirements of China's social and economic development. Forest resource management itself has not formulated a scientific and reasonable system for classified management. The development of public welfare forests and managed forests is unbalanced, and operators and growers cannot carry out forest resource management according to the direction of market development. With the continuous development of China's socialist market economy, the forest resource market has made significant progress, forestry management has been continuously improved, and various forms of fundraising have ensured the financial foundation for the development of forest resource assets. The entire forest industry has achieved prosperous development.

　　所以，森林资产评估发展服务对象不再只有国家和政府，其面向对象变为所有的林业产权所有者，传统的森林资源管理模式已经不能适应林业发展的具体要求。

　　Therefore, the service target of forest asset assessment development is no longer only the state and government, but also all forestry property owners. The traditional forest resource management model can no longer meet the specific requirements of forestry development.

　　3.2?缺乏健全完善的森林资源资产评估制度体系

　　3.2 Lack of a sound and comprehensive forest resource asset evaluation system

　　随着森林资源资产评估越来越受到重视，我国出台了有关森林资源资产评估的政策与法律，但是在实际应用实践中仍然存在较多问题。

　　With the increasing emphasis on forest resource asset assessment, China has introduced policies and laws related to forest resource asset assessment. However, there are still many problems in practical application.

　　目前，我国虽然制定实施了针对森林资产资源评估管理的法律制度，但是相关制度仍不健全，并没有形成完整的管理体系。由于没有完善的法律制度的约束，森林资源资产评估行业呈现出不健康的发展态势，非常不利于我国社会主义经济发展建设。

　　At present, although China has formulated and implemented legal systems for the assessment and management of forest asset resources, the relevant systems are still not sound and have not formed a complete management system. Due to the lack of a sound legal system, the forest resource asset evaluation industry is showing an unhealthy development trend, which is very detrimental to the development and construction of China's socialist economy.

　　3.3森林资源资产评估管理部门以及专业人才缺失

　　3.3 Lack of Forest Resource Asset Assessment and Management Departments and Professional Talents

　　我国相关政策明确提出，对于森林资源评估工作的管理需要由财政部以及林业部协同进行，但是在实际管理工作中发现，部门之间存在配合不默契的现象。比如有的部门过于重视利益，在进行评估时指定专门的评估机构，评估结果缺乏科学性。不同省市或不同地区之间在进行评估收费时制定的标准不统一，有的地区还存在双重收费或者不正当交易的现象。这些情况均对我国森林资源资产评估带来不利影响。

　　The relevant policies in our country clearly state that the management of forest resource assessment work needs to be coordinated by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Forestry. However, in actual management work, it has been found that there is a lack of coordination between departments. For example, some departments place too much emphasis on interests and designate specialized evaluation agencies when conducting assessments, resulting in a lack of scientific evaluation results. The standards for evaluating fees are not uniform among different provinces, cities, or regions, and there are also cases of double fees or unfair transactions in some areas. These situations have a negative impact on the assessment of forest resource assets in China.

　　森林资源本身较为特殊，因此需要林业专家对其进行评估。但是我国目前缺乏森林资源评估行业的专家，?并且现有专家对于评估标准意见不一致，专业资格考试以及培训也缺乏制度保障。除此之外我国对于森林资源资产评估专家的管理体系不够完善，没有充分发挥出评估行业的自我管理作用。

　　Forest resources themselves are quite unique, therefore requiring forestry experts to evaluate them. However, there is currently a lack of experts in the forest resource assessment industry in our country, and existing experts have inconsistent opinions on assessment standards. Professional qualification exams and training also lack institutional guarantees. In addition, China's management system for forest resource asset evaluation experts is not yet perfect, and the self-management role of the evaluation industry has not been fully utilized.

　　4.森林资源资产评估存在问题的应对措施

　　4. Measures to address issues in forest resource asset assessment

　　4.1加强对森林资源资产评估的认识

　　4.1 Strengthen the understanding of forest resource asset assessment

　　对森林资源进行资产化管理是一项比较复杂的工作，需要各方一起努力。

　　Asset management of forest resources is a complex task that requires joint efforts from all parties involved.

　　受传统森林资源资产行业经营模式的限制，现阶段，解决森林资源资产评估主要问题以及改革管理方式方面存在困难。要想对森林资源资产评估行业进行有效管理，就要先提高全社会对于森林资源资产评估的认识，通过多种宣传方式，使各个部门意识到进行森林资源资产评估对于现阶段我国社会经济发展的重要性，为解决目前管理森林资源资产评估过程中出现的问题打下坚实基础。

　　Due to the limitations of the traditional management model of the forest resource asset industry, there are currently difficulties in addressing the main issues of forest resource asset evaluation and reforming management methods. To effectively manage the forest resource asset assessment industry, it is necessary to first raise the awareness of the whole society about forest resource asset assessment. Through various publicity methods, various departments should be made aware of the importance of conducting forest resource asset assessment for the current socio-economic development of China, laying a solid foundation for solving the problems that arise in the process of managing forest resource asset assessment.

　　4.2?改革森林资源资产评估管理体制

　　4.2 Reforming the Forest Resource Asset Evaluation and Management System

　　目前，森林资源资产评估行业的发展受到多种因素的制约影响，因此，要想创新改革行业管理模式体制，就要充分考虑行业发展实际以及我国现阶段的国情，在此基础上建立健全科学合理的管理制度与体系。

　　At present, the development of the forest resource asset evaluation industry is constrained by various factors. Therefore, in order to innovate and reform the industry management mode and system, it is necessary to fully consider the actual development of the industry and the current national conditions of China, and establish a sound and scientific management system and framework on this basis.

　　从国外先进的森林资源资产评估经验中可以看出，社会中的资产评估机构不能完全实现自身管理，因此需要政府等部门的介入 。

　　From the advanced experience of forest resource asset evaluation abroad, it can be seen that asset evaluation institutions in society cannot fully achieve self-management, and therefore require the intervention of government and other departments.

　　但政府在进行管理的过程中，只能发挥带头引导作用，不能过多干预相关机构的管理，这是因为由政府进行主导的管理模式不适合现阶段森林资源资产评估行业的发展。

　　However, in the process of management, the government can only play a leading and guiding role and cannot intervene too much in the management of relevant institutions. This is because the management model led by the government is not suitable for the development of the forest resource asset evaluation industry at present.

　　行业内部的管理部门应该尽快深化管理体制改革，充分发挥监督管理的职能，通过与评估行业协会的共同作用，引导监督行业内部机构的评估工作，实现行业的持续发展。

　　The management departments within the industry should deepen the reform of the management system as soon as possible, fully play the function of supervision and management, guide the evaluation work of internal institutions in the supervision industry through the joint role with the evaluation industry association, and achieve the sustainable development of the industry.

　　4.3健全法律体系，用制度约束资产评估行为

　　4.3 Establish a sound legal system and use institutional constraints to regulate asset valuation behavior

　　我国有关部门应该尽快制定相关法律制度来约束规范森林资源资产评估行业的工作， 制定合理的奖惩制度，提升评估结果的科学性和合理性。

　　The relevant departments in our country should formulate relevant legal systems as soon as possible to constrain and regulate the work of the forest resource asset evaluation industry, establish a reasonable reward and punishment system, and enhance the scientificity and rationality of the evaluation results.

　　森林资源资产评估行业的评估调查机构在进行业务开展时收取合适的费用作为报酬是合理现象，但是若是收费过低或过多都会对行业的稳定发展造成影响。

　　It is reasonable for assessment and investigation agencies in the forest resource asset evaluation industry to charge appropriate fees as compensation when conducting business, but if the fees are too low or too high, it will have an impact on the stable development of the industry.

　　因此，行业内部需要统一收费标准，制定收费金额时需要考虑评估前期调查工作的难易、资产评估价值的大小以及评估风险等级等因素，以规范行业行为，促进森林资源资产评估行业健康发展。

　　Therefore, there is a need for a unified fee standard within the industry. When formulating the fee amount, factors such as the difficulty of evaluating preliminary investigation work, the value of asset evaluation, and the level of evaluation risk need to be considered to standardize industry behavior and promote the healthy development of the forest resource asset evaluation industry. ?

　　4.4培训专业森林资源资产评估人才

　　4.4 Training professional forest resource asset assessment personnel

　　对于森林资源进行资产评估不是一项简单的工作，需要专业人才与专家的参与配合。

　　Evaluating the assets of forest resources is not a simple task and requires the participation and cooperation of professional talents and experts.

　　但是现阶段，我国缺乏行业相关专家，并且具备专业素质的咨询人员也少之又少，不利于森林资源资产评估行业的持续发展。

　　However, at present, China lacks industry related experts, and there are also very few consultants with professional qualifications, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the forest resource asset evaluation industry.

　　针对这一问题，有关部门应该重视培养资产评估专业人才，加大培训力度，提升考核标准， 选拔高素质的人才。

　　In response to this issue, relevant departments should attach importance to cultivating professionals in asset appraisal, increase training efforts, improve assessment standards, and select high-quality talents.

　　同时，对于人才采取分级管理模式，对于选拔出来的专业人员还要加大后续教育，使其工作能力始终与现阶段的社会发展需求相适应，以提升森林资源资产评估行业的综合素质，实现行业持续向好发展。

　　At the same time, a hierarchical management model should be adopted for talents, and follow-up education should be increased for selected professionals to ensure that their work abilities are always in line with the current social development needs, in order to enhance the comprehensive quality of the forest resource asset evaluation industry and achieve sustained and good development of the industry.

　　5、结语

　　5. Conclusion

　　通过健全完善森林资源资产评估行业法律法规、改革传统管理模式等方式，对我国森林资源资产评估行业加强管理，能够规范行业内部行为，引导我国森林资源资产?评估工作科学发展。

　　By improving the laws and regulations of the forest resource asset evaluation industry and reforming traditional management models, we can strengthen the management of China's forest resource asset evaluation industry, standardize internal behavior, and guide the scientific development of China's forest resource asset evaluation work.

　　此外，还应有效培养资产评估专业人才，提升行业的整体素质，促进森林资源资产评估行业健康持续发展，进而促进我国社会主义市场经济发展。

　　In addition, it is necessary to effectively cultivate professionals in asset appraisal, enhance the overall quality of the industry, promote the healthy and sustainable development of the forest resource asset appraisal industry, and thus promote the development of China's socialist market economy.

　　本文由  林业资产价格评估  友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击  http://www.jyslpg.com/   真诚的态度.为您提供为全面的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

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